更新时间:2022-07-29 GMT+08:00
行级访问控制
行级访问控制特性将数据库访问控制精确到数据表行级别,使数据库达到行级访问控制的能力。不同用户执行相同的SQL查询操作,读取到的结果是不同的。
用户可以在数据表创建行访问控制(Row Level Security)策略,该策略是指针对特定数据库用户、特定SQL操作生效的表达式。当数据库用户对数据表访问时,若SQL满足数据表特定的Row Level Security策略,在查询优化阶段将满足条件的表达式,按照属性(PERMISSIVE | RESTRICTIVE)类型,通过AND或OR方式拼接,应用到执行计划上。
行级访问控制的目的是控制表中行级数据可见性,通过在数据表上预定义Filter,在查询优化阶段将满足条件的表达式应用到执行计划上,影响最终的执行结果。当前受影响的SQL语句包括SELECT,UPDATE,DELETE。
场景一:某表中汇总了不同用户的数据,但是不同用户只能查看自身相关的数据信息,不能查看其他用户的数据信息。
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--创建用户alice, bob, peter
CREATE ROLE alice PASSWORD 'password';
CREATE ROLE bob PASSWORD 'password';
CREATE ROLE peter PASSWORD 'password';
--创建表public.all_data,包含不同用户数据信息
CREATE TABLE public.all_data(id int, role varchar(100), data varchar(100));
--向数据表插入数据
INSERT INTO all_data VALUES(1, 'alice', 'alice data');
INSERT INTO all_data VALUES(2, 'bob', 'bob data');
INSERT INTO all_data VALUES(3, 'peter', 'peter data');
--将表all_data的读取权限赋予alice,bob和peter用户
GRANT SELECT ON all_data TO alice, bob, peter;
--打开行访问控制策略开关
ALTER TABLE all_data ENABLE ROW LEVEL SECURITY;
--创建行访问控制策略,当前用户只能查看用户自身的数据
CREATE ROW LEVEL SECURITY POLICY all_data_rls ON all_data USING(role = CURRENT_USER);
--查看表详细信息
\d+ all_data
Table "public.all_data"
Column | Type | Modifiers | Storage | Stats target | Description
--------+------------------------+-----------+----------+--------------+-------------
id | integer | | plain | |
role | character varying(100) | | extended | |
data | character varying(100) | | extended | |
Row Level Security Policies:
POLICY "all_data_rls"
USING (((role)::name = "current_user"()))
Has OIDs: no
Distribute By: HASH(id)
Location Nodes: ALL DATANODES
Options: orientation=row, compression=no, enable_rowsecurity=true
--切换至用户alice,执行SQL"SELECT * FROM all_data"
SET ROLE alice PASSWORD 'password';
SELECT * FROM all_data;
id | role | data
----+-------+------------
1 | alice | alice data
(1 row)
EXPLAIN(COSTS OFF) SELECT * FROM all_data;
QUERY PLAN
----------------------------------------------------------------
id | operation
----+------------------------------
1 | -> Streaming (type: GATHER)
2 | -> Seq Scan on all_data
Predicate Information (identified by plan id)
--------------------------------------------------------------
2 --Seq Scan on all_data
Filter: ((role)::name = 'alice'::name)
Notice: This query is influenced by row level security feature
(10 rows)
--切换至用户peter,执行SQL"SELECT * FROM .all_data"
SET ROLE peter PASSWORD 'password';
SELECT * FROM all_data;
id | role | data
----+-------+------------
3 | peter | peter data
(1 row)
EXPLAIN(COSTS OFF) SELECT * FROM all_data;
QUERY PLAN
----------------------------------------------------------------
id | operation
----+------------------------------
1 | -> Streaming (type: GATHER)
2 | -> Seq Scan on all_data
Predicate Information (identified by plan id)
--------------------------------------------------------------
2 --Seq Scan on all_data
Filter: ((role)::name = 'peter'::name)
Notice: This query is influenced by row level security feature
(10 rows)
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父主题: 管理用户及权限