Updated on 2025-07-30 GMT+08:00

EVS Snapshot Overview

Snapshot Overview

An EVS snapshot is a complete copy or image of the disk data taken at a specific time. Snapshot is a major disaster recovery (DR) approach, and you can use a snapshot to restore disk data to the time when the snapshot was created.

EVS is now deploying the snapshot function commercially in regions one by one. You may see snapshots in OBT (legacy snapshots) or commercial use (standard snapshots) in some regions. Table 1 describes their differences.

Table 1 Snapshot types

Type

Description

Standard snapshot (snapshot function in commercial use)

Snapshot data is stored in OBS. When creating disks from a standard snapshot, you can change the device type (SCSI or VBD), encryption attribute, AZ, or type of the disks on the console.

Legacy snapshots (snapshot function in OBT)

Snapshot data is stored together with disk data on the disks. New legacy snapshots cannot be created in some regions. Existing legacy snapshots are retained, but you can only use them to restore data or create new disks in the same AZ, or delete them.

Standard snapshots are available only in some regions. To check the supported regions, see the region information shown under "EVS Snapshots" in Function Overview.

Table 2 Snapshot-related operations

Operation

Description

Reference

Creating snapshots

You can create a snapshot to save the disk data at a specified time.

NOTE:

Snapshots are read-only. After snapshots are created, data in the snapshots cannot be modified.

Creating an EVS Snapshot

Rolling back data

If data on a disk is incorrect or damaged, you can roll back data from a snapshot to the source disk.

Rolling Back Disk Data from a Snapshot

Creating disks from a snapshot

You can create disks from a snapshot to quickly copy the snapshot data to disks.

Creating a Disk from a Snapshot

Using Instant Snapshot Restore

After you create standard snapshots, you can only use them until the system has uploaded the snapshot data to OBS. As more data is saved to an EVS disk, the upload takes a longer time. To address this issue, you can enable Instant Snapshot Restore. Then, you no longer need to wait for the upload to complete before using a standard snapshot to roll back data or create a new disk. The rollback and creation speed is fast and does not affect data integrity.

Enabling or Disabling Instant Snapshot Restore (for Standard Snapshots)

Checking snapshot information

You can check the storage used by all snapshots of an EVS disk, the total storage used by all snapshots in a specified period, and the total storage used by all snapshots of your account in a specified region.

You can check the snapshot details, including the region and AZ, source disk information, and tags.

Checking the EVS Snapshot Storage Usage (for Standard Snapshots)

Checking EVS Snapshot Details

Deleting snapshots

If you no longer require certain snapshots or the snapshot quantity reaches the maximum allowed, you can delete some snapshots.

Deleting an EVS Snapshot

Snapshot Usage Scenarios

The snapshot function helps address your following needs:

  • Routine data backup

    You can create snapshots for disks on a timely basis and use snapshots to recover your data in case that data loss or data inconsistency occurred due to unintended operations, viruses, or attacks.

  • Rapid data restoration

    You can create a snapshot or multiple snapshots before an application software upgrade or a service data migration. If an exception occurs during the upgrade or migration, service data can be rapidly restored to the time when the snapshot was created.

    For example, a fault occurred on system disk A of server A, and therefore server A cannot be started. As system disk A is already faulty, data on system disk A cannot be restored by rolling back data from snapshots. However, you can create disk B using an existing snapshot of system disk A and attach disk B to a properly running server, for example server B. In this case, server B obtains the data of system disk A from disk B.

    When rolling back data from snapshots, data can only be rolled back to the source disk, and a rollback to a different disk is not possible.

  • Multi-service quick deployment

    You can use a snapshot to create multiple disks containing the same initial data. These disks can be used as data resources for various services, for example data mining, report query, and development and testing. This method protects the initial data and creates disks rapidly, meeting diverse service requirements.

  • You can use a snapshot to migrate the disk data between different AZs.

    For example, you can create the snapshot-01 snapshot for the volume-01 disk in AZ1, then use this snapshot to create the volume-02 disk in AZ2. In this way, the disk data is available in both AZ1 and AZ2.

    Only standard snapshots support cross-AZ data migration.

Constraints

Table 3 Constraints

Item

Description

Snapshot quotas

  • You can manually create a maximum of seven legacy snapshots for a disk.
  • You can manually create a maximum of 256 standard snapshots for a disk, of which up to seven can have Instant Snapshot Restore enabled.

Disk types

  • When standard snapshots are created for Common I/O and High I/O disks, Instant Snapshot Restore cannot be enabled.
  • High I/O and Common I/O disks do not support Instant Snapshot Restore.
  • Instant Snapshot Restore is not supported when you create snapshot consistency groups for Common I/O and High I/O disks.

Snapshot retention policy

The system does not automatically delete snapshots. Snapshots are deleted in the following scenarios:

  • You delete snapshots.
  • You delete EVS disks. Then, the legacy snapshots of the disks are automatically deleted. The standard snapshots of the disks are not affected.

Billing

Legacy snapshots are free. You can use them free of charge.

Standard snapshots are billed based on the storage usage of snapshot chains and the usage period. For details, see Billing for EVS Snapshots.

Snapshot Principles

When backing up disk data using snapshots, creating legacy snapshots establishes relationships between the snapshots and disk data. The snapshots are stored on the physical disks of the corresponding EVS disks. Standard snapshots are stored in OBS. They do not occupy the EVS disk space. The principles are described as follows:

Creating legacy snapshots establishes relationships between snapshots and the disk data. Snapshots are stored on the physical disks that provide storage resources for EVS disks.

The following example describes the snapshot principles with two snapshots s1 and s2 created for disk v1 at different points in time:
  1. Disk v1 was created, which contains no data.
  2. Data d1 and d2 were written to disk v1. Data d1 and d2 were written to new spaces.
  3. Snapshot s1 was created for disk v1 modified in step 2. Data d1 and d2 were not saved as another copy elsewhere. Instead, a relationship between snapshot s1 and data d1 and d2 was established.
  4. Data d3 was written to disk v1, and data d2 was changed to d4. Data d3 and d4 were written to new spaces, and data d2 was not overwritten. The relationship between snapshot s1 and data d1 and d2 was still valid. Snapshot s1 can be used to restore data if needed.
  5. Snapshot s2 was created for disk v1 modified in step 4, and a relationship between snapshot s2 and data d1, d3, and d4 was established.
    Figure 1 Snapshot principles

Standard snapshots back up data by data block. They include full snapshots and incremental snapshots. The first snapshot created for an EVS disk is a full snapshot, which backs up all data blocks on the disk at the time of the snapshot. Subsequent snapshots are incremental snapshots, which back up only changed data blocks since the last snapshot.

Metadata files of full and incremental snapshots record information about all data blocks when the snapshots were created. So, you can use any snapshot to restore your disk data to the state when the snapshot was created.

Figure 2 Standard snapshot principles

Based on the source of data blocks, a snapshot's metadata file contains information about three types of data blocks: inherited data blocks (inherited from the last snapshot), modified data blocks (have modifications compared with the last snapshot), and new data blocks (new compared with the last snapshot).

A snapshot's data file stores only the changed data blocks (modified and new data blocks) compared with the last snapshot.

Let's use the preceding figure for illustration. Assume that data was written to an EVS disk at 09:30 and 10:30. Snapshot 1 was created at 09:00, snapshot 2 at 10:00, and snapshot 3 at 11:00.

  • At 09:00, snapshot 1 was created for the disk. This was the first time that a snapshot was created for this disk, so snapshot 1 was a full snapshot and it contained all the data on the disk, including data blocks A, B, and C. The metadata file of snapshot 1 recorded information about the disk's full data blocks: A, B, and C.
  • After snapshot 1 was created, data block A was changed to A1, data block B was changed to B1, and data block D was added. Then, snapshot 2 was created at 10:00. It was an incremental snapshot. Compared with snapshot 1, data blocks A1, B1, and D were changed data blocks. The metadata file of snapshot 2 recorded information about the disk's full data blocks: A1, B1, C, and D, among which data block C was inherited from snapshot 1.
  • After snapshot 2 was created, data block A1 was changed to A2, data block C was changed to C1, and data block E was added. Then, snapshot 3 was created at 11:00. It was an incremental snapshot. Compared with snapshot 2, data blocks A2, C1, and E were changed data blocks. The metadata file of snapshot 3 recorded information about the disk's full data blocks: A2, B1, C1, D, and E, among which data blocks B1 and D were inherited from snapshot 2.

The total snapshot storage usage of an EVS disk is calculated by snapshot chain. A snapshot chain collects the storage space used by data blocks of all the snapshots of a disk. The storage usage of a single snapshot will not be greater than the disk capacity. As more snapshots are created for the disk, the storage usage of the snapshot chain may be greater than the disk capacity.

  • Snapshot chain's storage usage calculation after snapshots are added
    Figure 3 Snapshot chain with snapshots added

    Take the scenario in Figure 3 as an example. Assume that the size of a snapshot's data block is fixed at 2 MiB. The snapshot chain's storage usage is calculated as follows:

    • After snapshot 1 is created, the snapshot chain of the disk contains only one snapshot. Snapshot chain's storage usage = Snapshot 1's storage usage = Size of data block A + Size of data block B + Size of data block C = 6 MiB
    • After snapshot 2 is created, the snapshot chain of the disk contains two snapshots: snapshot 1 and snapshot 2. Snapshot chain's storage usage = Snapshot 1's storage usage + Snapshot 2' storage usage = 6 MiB + (Size of data block A1 + Size of data block B1 + Size of data block D) = 12 MiB
    • After snapshot 3 is created, the snapshot chain of the disk contains three snapshots: snapshot 1, snapshot 2, and snapshot 3. Snapshot chain's storage usage = Snapshot 1's storage usage + Snapshot 2' storage usage + Snapshot 3's storage usage = 6 MiB + 6 MiB + (Size of data block A2 + Size of data block C1 + Size of data block E) = 18 MiB
  • Snapshot chain's storage usage calculation after snapshots are deleted

    When a snapshot is deleted, all data block information in this snapshot's metadata file is traversed, and the following deletion rules are applied:

    • If a data block is inherited by the next snapshot, it will not be deleted.
    • If a data block is not inherited by the next snapshot:
      • For an inherited data block, if the previous snapshot that the data block is inherited from is not deleted, the data block will not be deleted. Otherwise, it will be deleted.
      • For a modified data block, it will be deleted.
      • For a new data block, it will be deleted.
    Figure 4 Snapshot data block deletion rules

    The following example describes how to calculate a snapshot chain's storage usage after snapshots are deleted.

    Figure 5 Snapshot chain with snapshots deleted

    Take the scenario in Figure 5 as an example. Assume that snapshot 2 is deleted at 14:00 and snapshot 3 is deleted at 15:00. The snapshot chain's storage usage is calculated as follows:

    • Before any snapshot is deleted, the snapshot chain's storage usage is 18 MiB (Snapshot 1's storage usage + Snapshot 2's storage usage + Snapshot 3's storage usage).
    • When snapshot 2 is deleted at 14:00, information about all data blocks in the metadata file of snapshot 2 is traversed.
      • Data block A1: It is not inherited by snapshot 3 and is modified from data block A of snapshot 1. So, data block A1 will be deleted.
      • Data block B1: It is inherited by snapshot 3, so it will not be deleted.
      • Data block C: It is not inherited by snapshot 3, but is inherited from snapshot 1 and snapshot 1 is not deleted. So, data block C will not be deleted.
      • Data block D: It is inherited by snapshot 3. So, it will not be deleted.

      After snapshot 2 is deleted, the snapshot chain's storage usage is 16 MiB (18 MiB – Size of data block A1).

    • When snapshot 3 is deleted at 15:00, information about all data blocks in the metadata file of snapshot 3 is traversed.
      • Data block A2: It is not inherited by the next snapshot and is modified from data block A1 of snapshot 2. So, data block A2 will be deleted.
      • Data block B1: It is not inherited by the next snapshot, but is inherited from snapshot 2 and snapshot 2 has been deleted. So, data block B1 will be deleted.
      • Data block C1: It is not inherited by the next snapshot and is modified from data block C of snapshot 2. So, data block C1 will be deleted.
      • Data block D: It is not inherited by the next snapshot, but is inherited from snapshot 2 and snapshot 2 has been deleted. So, data block D will be deleted.
      • Data block E: It is not inherited by the next snapshot and is newly added in snapshot 3. So, data block E will be deleted.

      After snapshot 3 is deleted, the snapshot chain's storage usage is 6 MiB (16 MiB – Size of data block A2 – Size of data block B1 – Size of data block C1 – Size of data block D – Size of data block E).

EVS allows you to view the snapshot storage usage on the console. For details, see Checking the EVS Snapshot Storage Usage (for Standard Snapshots).

Differences Between Disk Backups and Disk Snapshots

Both disk backups and disk snapshots provide redundancies for improved disk data reliability. Table 4 lists the differences between them.

Table 4 Differences between backups and snapshots

Item

Storage Solution

Data Synchronization

DR Range

Service Recovery

Backup

Backups are stored in OBS, instead of disks. This ensures data restoration upon disk damage or corruption.

A backup is a copy of a disk taken at a given time and is stored in a different location. Automatic backup can be performed based on backup policies. Deleting a disk will not delete its backups.

A backup and its source disk reside in the same region, but can be in different AZs.

You can use a backup to roll back data to its source disk or create a new disk. The data durability is high.

Legacy Snapshot

Snapshots are stored on the physical disks that provide storage resources for EVS disks. Therefore, snapshots do not use the EVS disk space.

NOTE:

Creating a backup requires a certain amount of time because data needs to be transferred to OBS. Creating a snapshot or rolling back data from a snapshot consumes less time than creating a backup.

A snapshot is the state of a disk at a specific point in time and is stored on the same disk. If the disk is deleted, all its snapshots will also be deleted. For example, if you reinstalled or changed the server OS, snapshots of the system disk were also automatically deleted. Snapshots of the data disks can be used as usual.

A snapshot and its source disk reside in the same AZ.

You can use a snapshot to roll back data to its source disk or create a new disk.

Standard Snapshot

Standard snapshots are stored in OBS, instead of disks. This ensures data restoration upon disk damage or corruption.

A snapshot is the state of a disk at a specific point in time and is stored in OBS. If the disk is deleted, all its snapshots will not be deleted.

A snapshot and its source disk reside in different AZs.

You can use a snapshot to roll back data to its source disk or create a new disk. The data durability is high.