Using kubectl to Create a LoadBalancer Ingress

Scenario

This section uses an Nginx workload as an example to describe how to create a LoadBalancer ingress using kubectl.

If no load balancer is available in the same VPC, CCE can automatically create a load balancer when creating an ingress. For details, see Creating an Ingress - Automatically Creating a Load Balancer.
If a load balancer is available in the same VPC, perform the operation by referring to Creating an Ingress - Interconnecting with an Existing Load Balancer.

Prerequisites

An ingress provides network access for backend workloads. Ensure that a workload is available in a cluster. If no workload is available, deploy a sample Nginx workload by referring to Creating a Deployment, Creating a StatefulSet, or Creating a DaemonSet.
Services Supported by Ingresses lists the Service types supported by LoadBalancer ingresses.
A dedicated load balancer must be of the application type (HTTP/HTTPS) and support private networks (with a private IP address).

Ingress Description of networking.k8s.io/v1

In CCE clusters of v1.23 or later, the ingress version is switched to networking.k8s.io/v1.

Compared with v1beta1, v1 has the following differences in parameters:

The ingress type is changed from kubernetes.io/ingress.class in annotations to spec.ingressClassName.
The format of backend is changed.
The pathType parameter must be specified for each path. The options are as follows:
- ImplementationSpecific: The matching method depends on Ingress Controller. The matching method defined by ingress.beta.kubernetes.io/url-match-mode is used in CCE, which is the same as v1beta1.
- Exact: exact matching of the URL, which is case-sensitive.
- Prefix: matching based on the URL prefix separated by a slash (/). The match is case-sensitive, and elements in the path are matched one by one. A path element refers to a list of labels in the path separated by a slash (/).

Creating an Ingress - Automatically Creating a Load Balancer

The following describes how to run the kubectl command to automatically create a load balancer when creating an ingress.

Use kubectl to access the cluster. For details, see Connecting to a Cluster Using kubectl.

Create a YAML file named ingress-test.yaml. The file name can be customized.

vi ingress-test.yaml

Starting from cluster v1.23, the ingress version is switched from networking.k8s.io/v1beta1 to networking.k8s.io/v1. For details about the differences between v1 and v1beta1, see Ingress Description of networking.k8s.io/v1.

Example of a dedicated load balancer (public network access) for clusters of v1.23 or later:

apiVersion: networking.k8s.io/v1
kind: Ingress
metadata:
  name: ingress-test
  namespace: default
  annotations:
    kubernetes.io/elb.class: performance
    kubernetes.io/elb.port: '80'
    kubernetes.io/elb.autocreate: 
      '{
          "type": "public",
          "bandwidth_name": "cce-bandwidth-******",
          "bandwidth_chargemode": "bandwidth",
          "bandwidth_size": 5,
          "bandwidth_sharetype": "PER",
          "eip_type": "5_bgp",
          "vip_subnet_cidr_id": "*****",
          "vip_address": "**.**.**.**",
          "elb_virsubnet_ids":["*****"],
          "available_zone": [
              ""
          ],
          "l7_flavor_name": "L7_flavor.elb.s1.small"
       }'
    kubernetes.io/elb.tags: key1=value1,key2=value2           # ELB resource tags
spec:
  rules: 
  - host: ''
    http: 
      paths: 
      - path: '/'
        backend: 
          service:
            name: <your_service_name>  # Replace it with the name of your target Service.
            port: 
              number: <your_service_port>  # Replace it with the port number of your target Service.
        property:
          ingress.beta.kubernetes.io/url-match-mode: STARTS_WITH
        pathType: ImplementationSpecific
  ingressClassName: cce

Example of a dedicated load balancer (public network access) for clusters of v1.21 or earlier:

apiVersion: networking.k8s.io/v1beta1
kind: Ingress
metadata:
  name: ingress-test
  namespace: default
  annotations:
    kubernetes.io/elb.class: performance
    kubernetes.io/ingress.class: cce
    kubernetes.io/elb.port: '80'
    kubernetes.io/elb.autocreate: 
      '{
          "type": "public",
          "bandwidth_name": "cce-bandwidth-******",
          "bandwidth_chargemode": "bandwidth",
          "bandwidth_size": 5,
          "bandwidth_sharetype": "PER",
          "eip_type": "5_bgp",
          "elb_virsubnet_ids":["*****"],
          "available_zone": [
              ""
          ],
          "l7_flavor_name": "L7_flavor.elb.s1.small"
       }'
    kubernetes.io/elb.tags: key1=value1,key2=value2           # ELB resource tags
spec:
  rules:
  - host: ''
    http:
      paths:
      - path: '/'
        backend: 
          serviceName: <your_service_name>  # Replace it with the name of your target Service.
          servicePort: <your_service_port>  # Replace it with the port number of your target Service.
        property:
          ingress.beta.kubernetes.io/url-match-mode: STARTS_WITH

**Table 1** Key parameters
Parameter	Mandatory	Type	Description
kubernetes.io/elb.class	Yes	String	Select a proper load balancer type. performance: dedicated load balancer..
kubernetes.io/ingress.class	Yes (only for clusters of v1.21 or earlier)	String	cce: A proprietary LoadBalancer ingress is used. This parameter is mandatory when an ingress is created by calling the API.
ingressClassName	Yes (only for clusters of v1.23 or later)	String	cce: A proprietary LoadBalancer ingress is used. This parameter is mandatory when an ingress is created by calling the API.
kubernetes.io/elb.port	Yes	String	This parameter indicates the external port registered with the address of the LoadBalancer Service. The value ranges from 1 to 65535. NOTE: Some ports are high-risk ports and are blocked by default, for example, port 21.
kubernetes.io/elb.subnet-id	None	String	ID of the subnet where the cluster is located. The value can contain 1 to 100 characters. Mandatory when a cluster of v1.11.7-r0 or earlier is to be automatically created. Optional for clusters later than v1.11.7-r0. It is left blank by default.
kubernetes.io/elb.enterpriseID	No	String	Kubernetes clusters of v1.15 and later versions support this field. In Kubernetes clusters earlier than v1.15, load balancers are created in the default project by default. ID of the enterprise project in which the load balancer will be created. The value contains 1 to 100 characters. How to obtain: Log in to the management console and choose Enterprise > Project Management on the top menu bar. In the list displayed, click the name of the target enterprise project, and copy the ID on the enterprise project details page.
kubernetes.io/elb.autocreate	Yes	elb.autocreate object	Whether to automatically create a load balancer associated with an ingress. For details about the field description, see Table 2. Example If a public network load balancer will be automatically created, set this parameter to the following value: '{"type":"public","bandwidth_name":"cce-bandwidth-******","bandwidth_chargemode":"bandwidth","bandwidth_size":5,"bandwidth_sharetype":"PER","eip_type":"5_bgp","name":"james"}' If a private network load balancer will be automatically created, set this parameter to the following value: {"type":"inner","name":"A-location-d-test"}
kubernetes.io/elb.tags	No	String	Whether to add resource tags to a load balancer. This function is available only when the load balancer is automatically created, and the cluster is of v1.23.11-r0, v1.25.6-r0, v1.27.3-r0, or later. A tag is in the format of "key=value". Use commas (,) to separate multiple tags.
host	No	String	Domain name for accessing the Service. By default, this parameter is left blank, and the domain name needs to be fully matched. Ensure that the domain name has been registered and archived. Once a domain name rule is configured, you must use the domain name for access.
path	Yes	String	User-defined route path. All external access requests must match host and path. NOTE: The access path added here must exist in the backend application. Otherwise, the forwarding fails. For example, the default access URL of the Nginx application is /usr/share/nginx/html. When adding /test to the ingress forwarding policy, ensure the access URL of your Nginx application contains /usr/share/nginx/html/test. Otherwise, error 404 will be returned.
ingress.beta.kubernetes.io/url-match-mode	No	String	Route matching policy. Default: STARTS_WITH (prefix match) Options: EQUAL_TO: exact match STARTS_WITH: prefix match REGEX: regular expression match
pathType	Yes	String	Path type. This field is supported only by clusters of v1.23 or later. ImplementationSpecific: The matching method depends on Ingress Controller. The matching method defined by ingress.beta.kubernetes.io/url-match-mode is used in CCE. Exact: exact matching of the URL, which is case-sensitive. Prefix: prefix matching, which is case-sensitive. With this method, the URL path is separated into multiple elements by slashes (/) and the elements are matched one by one. If each element in the URL matches the path, the subpaths of the URL can be routed normally. NOTE: During prefix matching, each element must be exactly matched. If the last element of the URL is the substring of the last element in the request path, no matching is performed. For example, /foo/bar matches /foo/bar/baz but does not match /foo/barbaz. When elements are separated by slashes (/), if the URL or request path ends with a slash (/), the slash (/) at the end is ignored. For example, /foo/bar matches /foo/bar/. See examples of ingress path matching.

**Table 2** elb.autocreate data structure
Parameter	Mandatory	Type	Description
name	No	String	Name of the automatically created load balancer. The value can contain 1 to 64 characters. Only letters, digits, underscores (_), hyphens (-), and periods (.) are allowed. Default: cce-lb+service.UID
type	No	String	Network type of the load balancer. public: public network load balancer inner: private network load balancer Default: inner
bandwidth_name	Yes for public network load balancers	String	Bandwidth name. The default value is cce-bandwidth-******. The value can contain 1 to 64 characters. Only letters, digits, underscores (_), hyphens (-), and periods (.) are allowed.
bandwidth_chargemode	No	String	Bandwidth mode. bandwidth: billed by bandwidth traffic: billed by traffic Default: bandwidth
bandwidth_size	Yes for public network load balancers	Integer	Bandwidth size. The value ranges from 1 Mbit/s to 2000 Mbit/s by default. Configure this parameter based on the bandwidth range allowed in your region. The minimum increment for bandwidth adjustment varies depending on the bandwidth range. The minimum increment is 1 Mbit/s if the allowed bandwidth does not exceed 300 Mbit/s. The minimum increment is 50 Mbit/s if the allowed bandwidth ranges from 300 Mbit/s to 1000 Mbit/s. The minimum increment is 500 Mbit/s if the allowed bandwidth exceeds 1000 Mbit/s.
bandwidth_sharetype	Yes for public network load balancers	String	Bandwidth sharing mode. PER: dedicated bandwidth
eip_type	Yes for public network load balancers	String	EIP type. 5_bgp: dynamic BGP The specific type varies with regions. For details, see the EIP console.
vip_subnet_cidr_id	No	String	Subnet where a load balancer is located. The subnet must belong to the VPC where the cluster resides. If this parameter is not specified, the ELB load balancer and the cluster are in the same subnet. This field can be specified only for clusters of v1.21 or later.
vip_address	No	String	Private IP address of the load balancer. Only IPv4 addresses are supported. The IP address must be in the ELB CIDR block. If this parameter is not specified, an IP address will be automatically assigned from the ELB CIDR block. This parameter is available only in clusters of v1.23.11-r0, v1.25.6-r0, v1.27.3-r0, or later versions.
available_zone	Yes	Array of strings	AZ where the load balancer is located. This parameter is available only for dedicated load balancers.
l4_flavor_name	Yes	String	Flavor name of the layer-4 load balancer. This parameter is available only for dedicated load balancers.
l7_flavor_name	No	String	Flavor name of the layer-7 load balancer. This parameter is available only for dedicated load balancers. The value of this parameter must be the same as that of l4_flavor_name, that is, both are elastic specifications or fixed specifications.
elb_virsubnet_ids	No	Array of strings	Subnet where the backend server of the load balancer is located. If this parameter is left blank, the default cluster subnet is used. Load balancers occupy different number of subnet IP addresses based on their specifications. Do not use the subnet CIDR blocks of other resources (such as clusters and nodes) as the load balancer CIDR block. This parameter is available only for dedicated load balancers. Example: "elb_virsubnet_ids": [ "14567f27-8ae4-42b8-ae47-9f847a4690dd" ]

Create an ingress.

kubectl create -f ingress-test.yaml

If information similar to the following is displayed, the ingress has been created.
```
ingress/ingress-test created
```
kubectl get ingress

If information similar to the following is displayed, the ingress has been created and the workload is accessible.
```
NAME             HOSTS     ADDRESS          PORTS   AGE
ingress-test     *         121.**.**.**     80      10s
```
Enter http://121.**.**.**:80 in the address box of the browser to access the workload (for example, Nginx workload).

121.**.**.** indicates the IP address of the unified load balancer.

Creating an Ingress - Interconnecting with an Existing Load Balancer

CCE allows you to connect to an existing load balancer when creating an ingress.

An existing dedicated load balancer must be of the application type (HTTP/HTTPS) and support private networks (with a private IP address).

If the cluster version is 1.23 or later, the YAML file configuration is as follows:

apiVersion: networking.k8s.io/v1
kind: Ingress 
metadata: 
  name: ingress-test
  annotations: 
    kubernetes.io/elb.id: <your_elb_id>  # Replace it with the ID of your existing load balancer.
    kubernetes.io/elb.ip: <your_elb_ip>  # Replace it with the IP of your existing load balancer.
    kubernetes.io/elb.class: performance  # Load balancer type
    kubernetes.io/elb.port: '80'
spec:
  rules: 
  - host: ''
    http: 
      paths: 
      - path: '/'
        backend: 
          service:
            name: <your_service_name>  # Replace it with the name of your target Service.
            port: 
              number: 8080             # Replace 8080 with the port number of your target Service.
        property:
          ingress.beta.kubernetes.io/url-match-mode: STARTS_WITH
        pathType: ImplementationSpecific
  ingressClassName: cce

If the cluster version is 1.21 or earlier, the YAML file configuration is as follows:

apiVersion: networking.k8s.io/v1beta1
kind: Ingress 
metadata: 
  name: ingress-test
  annotations: 
    kubernetes.io/elb.id: <your_elb_id>  # Replace it with the ID of your existing load balancer.
    kubernetes.io/elb.ip: <your_elb_ip>  # Replace it with the IP of your existing load balancer.
    kubernetes.io/elb.class: performance  # Load balancer type
    kubernetes.io/elb.port: '80'
    kubernetes.io/ingress.class: cce
spec:
  rules: 
  - host: ''
    http: 
      paths: 
      - path: '/'
        backend: 
          serviceName: <your_service_name>  # Replace it with the name of your target Service.
          servicePort: 80
        property:
          ingress.beta.kubernetes.io/url-match-mode: STARTS_WITH

**Table 3** Key parameters
Parameter	Mandatory	Type	Description
kubernetes.io/elb.id	Yes	String	ID of a load balancer. The value can contain 1 to 100 characters. How to obtain: On the management console, click Service List, and choose Networking > Elastic Load Balance. Click the name of the target load balancer. On the Summary tab page, find and copy the ID.
kubernetes.io/elb.ip	No	String	Service address of a load balancer. The value can be the public IP address of a public network load balancer or the private IP address of a private network load balancer.
kubernetes.io/elb.class	Yes	String	Load balancer type. performance: dedicated load balancer, which can be used only in clusters of v1.17 and later. NOTE: If a LoadBalancer ingress accesses an existing dedicated load balancer, the dedicated load balancer must be of the application load balancing (HTTP/HTTPS) type.