Constructing a Request

Updated on 2024-03-05 GMT+08:00

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This section describes the structure of a REST API request.

Request URI

OBS uses URI to locate specific buckets, objects, and their parameters. Use URIs when you want to operate resources.

The following provides a common URI format. The parameters in square brackets [ ] are optional.

protocol://[bucket.]domain[:port][/object][?param]

**Table 1** URI parameters
Parameter	Description	Mandatory
protocol	Protocol used for sending requests, which can be either HTTP or HTTPS. HTTPS is a protocol that ensures secure access to resources.	Yes
bucket	Resource path of a bucket, identifying only one bucket in OBS	No
domain	Domain name or IP address of the server for saving resources	Yes
port	Port enabled for protocols used for sending requests. The value varies with software server deployment. If no port number is specified, the protocol uses the default value. Each transmission protocol has its default port number. In OBS, the default HTTP port number is 80 and that of HTTPS is 443.	No
object	An object path used in the request	No
param	A specific resource contained by a bucket or object. Default value of this parameter indicates that the bucket or object itself is obtained.	No

NOTICE:

All API requests except those for the bucket list must contain the bucket name. Based on the DNS resolution performance and reliability, OBS requires that the bucket name must be placed in front of the domain when a request carrying a bucket name is constructed to form a third-level domain name, also mentioned as virtual hosting access domain name.

For example, you have a bucket named test-bucket in the a1 region, and you want to access the ACL of an object named test-object in the bucket. The correct URL is https://test-bucket.obs.a1.example.com/test-object?acl.

Request Method

HTTP methods, which are also called operations or actions, specify the type of operations that you are requesting.

**Table 2** HTTP request methods supported by the OBS
Method	Description
GET	Requests the server to return a specific resource, for example, a bucket list or object.
PUT	Requests the server to update a specific resource, for example, creating a bucket or uploading an object.
POST	Requests the server to add a resource or perform a special operation, for example, part uploading or merging.
DELETE	Requests the server to delete specified resources, for example, an object.
HEAD	Requests the server to return the digest of a specific resource, for example, object metadata.
OPTIONS	The request server checks whether the user has the operation permission for a resource. The CORS needs to be configured for the bucket.

Request Headers

Refers to optional and additional request fields, for example a field required by a specific URI or HTTP method. For details about the fields of common request headers, see Table 3.

**Table 3** Common request headers
Header	Description	Mandatory
Authorization	Signature information contained in a request message Type: string No default value. Conditional: optional for anonymous requests and required for other requests.	Conditionally required
Content-Length	The message length (excluding headers) defined in RFC 2616 Type: string No default value. Conditional: optional for PUT requests, but mandatory for the requests that load XML content	Conditionally required
Content-Type	The content type of the requested resource, for example, text/plain Type: string No default value.	No
Date	Time when a request is initiated, for example, Wed, 27 Jun 2018 13:39:15 +0000. Type: string No default value. Conditional: optional for anonymous requests or those requests containing header x-obs-date, required for other requests.	Conditionally required
Host	The host address, for example, bucketname.obs.region.example.com. Type: string No default value.	Yes

(Optional) Request Body

A request body is generally sent in a structured format (for example, JSON or XML). It corresponds to Content-Type in the request header and is used to transfer content other than the request header. If the request body contains full-width characters, these characters must be coded using UTF-8.

The request body varies according to the APIs. Certain APIs do not require the request body, such as the GET and DELETE APIs.

Sending a Request

There are two methods to initiate requests based on the constructed request messages:

cURL
cURL is a command-line tool used to perform URL operations and transmit information. cURL acts as an HTTP client that can send HTTP requests to the server and receive response messages. cURL is applicable to API debugging. For more information about cURL, visit https://curl.haxx.se/. cURL cannot calculate signatures. When cURL is used, only anonymous public OBS resources can be accessed.
Coding
You can use code to make API calls, and to assemble, send, and process request messages.

Parent topic: Calling APIs

Previous topic: Calling APIs

Next topic: Authentication

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