Configuring Permissions for Hive Tables, Columns, or Databases

Updated on 2024-07-19 GMT+08:00

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Scenario

You can configure related permissions if you need to access tables or databases created by other users. Hive supports column-based permission control. If a user needs to access some columns in tables created by other users, the user must be granted the permission for columns. The following describes how to grant table, column, and database permissions to users by using the role management function of MRS Manager.

NOTE:

You can configure permissions for Hive tables, columns, or databases only in security mode.
MRS 3.x or later supports Ranger. If the current component uses Ranger for permission control, you need to configure permission management policies based on Ranger. For details, see Adding a Ranger Access Permission Policy for Hive.

Prerequisites

You have obtained a user account with the administrator permissions, such as admin.
You have created a role, for example, hrole, on Manager by referring to instructions in Creating a Hive Role. You do not need to set the Hive permission but need to set the permission to submit the HQL command to Yarn for execution.
You have created two Hive human-machine users, such as huser1 and huser2, on Manager and added them to the hive group. huser2 has been bound to hrole. The hdb database has created by user huser1 and the htable table has been created in the database.

Procedure

Granting Table Permissions
Users have complete permission on the tables created by themselves in Hive and the HDFS. To access the tables created by others, they need to be granted the permission. After the Hive metadata permission is granted, the HDFS permission is automatically granted. The procedure for granting a role the permission of querying, inserting, and deleting htable data is as follows:

For versions earlier than MRS 3.x, perform the following operations to grant table permissions:
1. On MRS Manager, choose System > Permission > Manage Role.
2. Locate the row that contains hrole, and click Modify.
3. Choose Hive > Hive Read Write Privileges.
4. Click the name of the specified database hdb in the database list. Table htable in the database is displayed.
5. In the Permission column of the htable table, select Select, Insert, and Delete.
6. Click OK.
For MRS 3.x or later, perform the following operations to grant table permissions:
1. On FusionInsight Manager, choose System > Permission > Role.
2. Locate the row that contains hrole, and click Modify.
3. Choose Name of the desired cluster > Hive > Hive Read Write Privileges.
4. Click the name of the specified database hdb in the database list. Table htable in the database is displayed.
5. In the Permission column of the htable table, select SELECT, INSERT, and DELETE.
6. Click OK.

NOTE:

In role management, the procedure for granting a role the permission of querying, inserting, and deleting Hive external table data is the same. After the metadata permission is granted, the HDFS permission is automatically granted.

Granting Column Permissions
Users have all permissions for the tables created by themselves in Hive and HDFS. Users do not have the permission to access the tables created by others. If a user needs to access some columns in tables created by other users, the user must be granted the permission for columns. After the Hive metadata permission is granted, the HDFS permission is automatically granted. The procedure for granting a role the permission of querying and inserting data in hcol of htable is as follows:

For versions earlier than MRS 3.x, perform the following operations to grant column permissions:
1. On MRS Manager, choose System > Permission > Manage Role.
2. Locate the row that contains hrole, and click Modify.
3. Choose Hive > Hive Read Write Privileges.
4. In the database list, click the specified database hdb to display the htable table in the database. Click the htable table to display the hcol column in the table.
5. In the Permission column of the hcol column, select Select and Insert.
6. Click OK.
For MRS 3.x or later, perform the following operations:
1. On FusionInsight Manager, choose System > Permission > Role.
2. Locate the row that contains hrole, and click Modify.
3. Choose Name of the desired cluster > Hive > Hive Read Write Privileges.
4. In the database list, click the specified database hdb to display the htable table in the database. Click the htable table to display the hcol column in the table.
5. In the Permission column of the hcol column, select SELECT and INSERT.
6. Click OK.

NOTE:

In role management, after the metadata permission is granted, the HDFS permission is automatically granted. Therefore, after the column permission is granted, the HDFS ACL permission for all files of the table is automatically granted.

Granting Database Permissions
Users have complete permission on the databases created by themselves in Hive and the HDFS. To access the databases created by others, they need to be granted the permission. After the Hive metadata permission is granted, the HDFS permission is automatically granted. The procedure for granting a role the permission of querying data and creating tables in database hdb is as follows. Other types of database operation permission are not supported.

For versions earlier than MRS 3.x, perform the following database authorization operations:
1. On MRS Manager, choose System > Permission > Manage Role.
2. Locate the row that contains hrole, and click Modify.
3. Choose Hive > Hive Read Write Privileges.
4. In the Permission column of the hdb database, select Select and Create.
5. Click OK.
For MRS 3.x or later, perform the following operations to grant database permissions:
1. On FusionInsight Manager, choose System > Permission > Role.
2. Locate the row that contains hrole, and click Modify.
3. Choose Name of the desired cluster > Hive > Hive Read Write Privileges.
4. In the Permission column of the hdb database, select SELECT and CREATE.
5. Click OK.

NOTE:

Any permission for a table in the database is automatically associated with the HDFS permission for the database directory to facilitate permission management. When any permission for a table is canceled, the system does not automatically cancel the HDFS permission for the database directory to ensure performance. In this case, users can only log in to the database and view table names.
When the query permission on a database is added to or deleted from a role, the query permission on tables in the database is automatically added to or deleted from the role.

Concepts

**Table 1** Scenarios of using Hive tables, columns, or databases
Scenario	Required Permission
DESCRIBE TABLE	SELECT
SHOW PARTITIONS	SELECT
ANALYZE TABLE	SELECT and INSERT
SHOW COLUMNS	SELECT
SHOW TABLE STATUS	SELECT
SHOW TABLE PROPERTIES	SELECT
SELECT	SELECT
EXPLAIN	SELECT
CREATE VIEW	SELECT, Grant Of Select, and CREATE
SHOW CREATE TABLE	SELECT and Grant Of Select
CREATE TABLE	CREATE
ALTER TABLE ADD PARTITION	INSERT
INSERT	INSERT
INSERT OVERWRITE	INSERT and DELETE
LOAD	INSERT and DELETE
ALTER TABLE DROP PARTITION	DELETE
CREATE FUNCTION	Hive Admin Privilege
DROP FUNCTION	Hive Admin Privilege
ALTER DATABASE	Hive Admin Privilege

Parent topic: Permission Management

Previous topic: Creating a Hive Role

Next topic: Configuring Permissions to Use Other Components for Hive

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