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Instance Usage Suggestions

Updated on 2024-10-14 GMT+08:00

DB Instances

DB Instance Types

  • Primary/Standby
    • A primary/standby pair provides an HA architecture. It is suitable for production databases of large and medium enterprises in the Internet, Internet of Things (IoT), retail e-commerce sales, logistics, gaming, and other sectors.
    • When a primary instance is being created, a standby instance is provisioned along with it to provide data redundancy. The standby instance is invisible to you after being created.
    • If a failover occurs due to a primary instance failure, your database client will be disconnected for a short period of time. The client needs to be able to reconnect to the instance.
  • Single
    • A single-node architecture is more cost-effective than primary/standby pairs.
    • It is only recommended for development and testing of microsites, and small and medium enterprises, or for learning about RDS.
    • If a fault occurs on a single instance, the instance cannot recover in a timely manner.
  • Read replica

    RDS for MariaDB supports single read replicas.

    NOTE:

    If the replication between a read replica and the DB instance is abnormal, it can take a long time to rebuild and restore the read replica (depending on the data volume).

Instance Classes

  • Dedicated

    The instance has dedicated CPU and memory resources to ensure stable performance. The performance of a dedicated instance is never affected by other instances on the same physical machine. This instance class is good when performance stability is important.

  • General-purpose

    CPU resources are shared with other general-purpose DB instances on the same physical machine. CPU usage is maximized through resource overcommitment. This instance class is a cost-effective option and suitable for scenarios where performance stability is not critical.

Database Connection

  • Configure RDS for MariaDB parameters for your workloads.
  • Keep an appropriate number of active connections.
  • Periodically release persistent connections because maintaining them may generate a large cache and use up memory.

Reliability and Availability

  • Select primary/standby DB instances for production databases.
  • Deploy primary and standby instances in different AZs.
  • Create read replicas and enable read/write splitting for workloads involving frequent read/write operations.
  • Change instance classes during off-peak hours.
  • Select an instance class and storage space appropriate to your workloads.
  • After scaling up your primary DB instance, scale up its read replicas in a timely manner to prevent service exceptions caused by insufficient storage of read replicas.

Backup and Restoration

  • Perform manual backups during off-peak hours and change the backup time window (default setting: 01:00-02:00 (GMT+08:00)) for automated backup as required.
  • Set the backup cycle to All for DB instances that process many write requests every day.
  • Configure a backup retention period suited to your service demands. The default value is 7 days.
  • If a DB instance is deleted, its automated full backups and binlog backups are also deleted. Perform manual backup for all data before deleting a DB instance.
  • Configure a custom recycling policy to ensure that any instances that are deleted by mistake can be rebuilt.

Routine O&M

  • Periodically check slow query logs and error logs to identify problems in advance.
  • Periodically check the resource usage of DB instances. If the resources are insufficient, scale up the resources in a timely manner.
  • Monitor instance metrics. If any metric is beyond its expected range, address related issues as soon as possible.
  • Run the SELECT statement before deleting or modifying a record.

Security

  • Prevent your database from being accessed from the Internet. If you want to allow the access from the Internet, bind an EIP to your DB instance and configure a whitelist.
  • Use SSL to connect to your DB instance.

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