Using Macro Variables of Date and Time

During the creation of table/file migration jobs, CDM supports the macro variables of date and time in the following parameters of the source and destination links:

Source directory or file
Source table name
Directory filter and file filter of the wildcard type
Start time and end time of the time filter type
Partition filter criteria and where clause
Write directory
Destination table name

You can use the ${} macro variable definition identifier to define the macros of the time type. currently, dateformat and timestamp are supported.

By using the macro variables of date and time and scheduled job, you can implement incremental synchronization of databases and files.

If you have configured a macro variable of date and time and schedule a CDM job through DataArts Studio DataArts Factory, the system replaces the macro variable of date and time with (Planned start time of the data development job – Offset) rather than (Actual start time of the CDM job – Offset).

dateformat

dateformat supports two types of parameters:

dateformat(format)
format indicates the date and time format. For details about the format definition, see the definition in java.text.SimpleDateFormat.java.

For example, if the current date is 2017-10-16 09:00:00, yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss indicates 2017-10-16 09:00:00.
dateformat(format, dateOffset, dateType)
- format indicates the format of the returned date.
- dateOffset indicates the date offset.
- dateType indicates the type of the date offset.
  Currently, dateType supports SECOND, MINUTE, HOUR, MONTH, YEAR, and DAY.
  Pay attention to the following special scenarios of MONTH and YEAR:
  - If the date does not exist after the offset, the latest date of the month in the calendar is used.
  - These two offset types cannot be used for the start time and end time in the Time Filter parameter of the source and destination jobs.
For example, if the current date is 2023-03-01 09:00:00, then:
- dateformat(yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss, -1, YEAR) indicates the year before the current time, that is, 2022-03-01 09:00:00.
- dateformat(yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss, -3, MONTH) indicates three months before the current time, that is, 2022-12-01 09:00:00.
- dateformat(yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss, -1, DAY) indicates the day before the current time, that is, 2023-02-28 09:00:00.
- dateformat(yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss, -1, HOUR) indicates one hour before the current time, that is, 2023-03-01 08:00:00.
- dateformat(yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss, -1, MINUTE) indicates one minute before the current time, that is, 2023-03-01 08:59:00.
- dateformat(yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss, -1, SECOND) indicates one second before the current time, that is, 2023-03-01 08:59:59.

timestamp

timestamp supports two types of parameters:

timestamp()
Indicates the returned timestamp of the current time, that is, the number of milliseconds that have elapsed since 00:00:00 on January 1, 1970 (1970-01-01 00:00:00 GMT). For example, 1508078516286.
timestamp(dateOffset, dateType)
Indicates the timestamp returned after time offset. dateOffset and dateType indicate the date offset and the offset type, respectively.

For example, if the current date is 2017-10-16 09:00:00, timestamp(-10, MINUTE) indicates that the timestamp generated 10 minutes before the current time point is returned, that is, 1508115000000.

Macro Variable Definition of Time and Date

Suppose that the current time is 2017-10-16 09:00:00, then Table 1 describes the macro variable definitions of time and date.

The examples in the table must be embedded in ''. For example, '${dateformat(yyyy-MM-dd)}' returns the current time in yyyy-MM-dd format.

**Table 1** Macro variable definition of time and date
Macro Variable	Description	Display Effect
${dateformat(yyyy-MM-dd)}	Returns the current date in yyyy-MM-dd format.	2017-10-16
${dateformat(yyyy/MM/dd)}	Returns the current date in yyyy/MM/dd format.	2017/10/16
${dateformat(yyyy_MM_dd HH:mm:ss)}	Returns the current time in yyyy_MM_dd HH:mm:ss format.	2017_10_16 09:00:00
${dateformat(yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss, -1, DAY)}	Returns the current time in yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss format. The date is one day before the current day.	2017-10-15 09:00:00
${dateformat(yyyy-MM-dd, -1, DAY)} 00:00:00	Returns 00:00:00 of the day before the current day in yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss format.	2017-10-15 00:00:00
${dateformat(yyyy-MM-dd, -1, DAY)} 12:00:00	Returns 12:00:00 of the day before the current day in yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss format.	2017-10-15 12:00:00
${dateformat(yyyy-MM-dd, -N, DAY)} 00:00:00	Returns 00:00:00 of the day N days before the current day in yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss format.	When N is 3: 2017-10-13 00:00:00
${dateformat(yyyy-MM-dd, -N, DAY)} 12:00:00	Returns 12:00:00 of the day N days before the current day in yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss format.	When N is 3: 2017-10-13 12:00:00
${timestamp()}	Returns the timestamp of the current time, that is, the number of milliseconds that have elapsed since 00:00:00 on January 1, 1970.	1508115600000
${timestamp(-10, MINUTE)}	Returns the timestamp generated 10 minutes before the current time point.	1508115000000
${timestamp(dateformat(yyyyMMdd))}	Returns the timestamp of 00:00:00 of the current day.	1508083200000
${timestamp(dateformat(yyyyMMdd,-1,DAY))}	Returns the timestamp of 00:00:00 of the previous day.	1507996800000
${timestamp(dateformat(yyyyMMddHH))}	Returns the timestamp of the current hour.	1508115600000

Time and Date Macro Variables of Paths and Table Names

Figure 1 shows an example. If:

Table Name under Source Link Configuration is set to CDM_/${dateformat(yyyy-MM-dd)}.
Write Directory under Destination Link Configuration is set to /opt/ttxx/${timestamp()}.

After the macro definition conversion, this job indicates that data in table SQOOP.CDM_20171016 in the Oracle database is migrated to the /opt/ttxx/1508115701746 directory of the HDFS server.

Figure 1 Setting Table Name and Write Directory to a time and date macro variable

Currently, a table name or path name can contain multiple macro variables. For example, /opt/ttxx/${dateformat(yyyy-MM-dd)}/${timestamp()} is converted to /opt/ttxx/2017-10-16/1508115701746.

Time and Date Macro Variables in the Where Clause

Figure 2 uses table SQOOP.CDM_20171016 as an example. The table contains column DS, which indicates the time.

Figure 2 Table data

Suppose that the current date is 2017-10-16 and you want to export data generated the day before the current day (DS = 2017-10-15), then you can set the value of Where Clause to DS='${dateformat(yyyy-MM-dd,-1,DAY)}' when creating a job. In this way, you can export all data that complies with the DS = 2017-10-15 condition.

Implementing Incremental Synchronization by Configuring the Macro Variables of Date and Time and Scheduled Jobs

Two simple application scenarios are as follows:

The database table contains column DS that indicates the time, the value type of the column is varchar(30), and the inserted time format is similar to 2017-xx-xx.
In a scheduled job, the cycle is one day, and the scheduled job is executed at 00:00:00 every day. Set the value of Where Clause to DS='${dateformat(yyyy-MM-dd,-1,DAY)}', and then data generated in the previous day will be exported at 00:00:00 every day.
The database table contains column time that indicates the time, the type is Number, and the inserted time format is timestamp.
In a scheduled job, the cycle is one day, and the scheduled job is executed at 00:00:00 every day. Set the value of Where Clause to time between ${timestamp(-1,DAY)} and ${timestamp()}, and then data generated on the previous day will be exported at 00:00:00 every day.