Using Spark2x to Analyze IoV Drivers' Driving Behavior

Application Scenarios

The best practices for Huawei Cloud MapReduce Service (MRS) guides you through the basic functions of MRS. This case shows you how to use the Spark2x component of MRS to analyze and collect statistics on driver behaviors and obtain the analysis results.

The raw data in this practice includes information on driver behavior, such as sudden acceleration, sudden braking, neutral coasting, speeding, and fatigue driving. With the Spark2x component, you can analyze and collect statistics on the frequency of these behaviors within a specified time frame.

This practice uses MRS 3.1.0 is as an example.You can create a cluster of this version too.

Solution Architecture

Figure 1 describes the application running architecture of Spark.

1. An application is running in the cluster as a collection of processes. Driver coordinates the running of applications.
2. To run an application, Driver connects to the cluster manager (such as Standalone, Mesos, and YARN) to apply for the executor resources, and start ExecutorBackend. The cluster manager schedules resources between different applications. Driver schedules DAGs, divides stages, and generates tasks for the application at the same time.
3. Then, Spark sends the codes of the application (the codes transferred to SparkContext, which is defined by JAR or Python) to an executor.
4. After all tasks are finished, the running of the user application is stopped.

Figure 1 Spark application running architecture

Procedure

The operation process of this practice is as follows:

1. Creating an MRS Cluster: Create an MRS 3.1.0 analysis cluster with Kerberos authentication disabled.
2. Preparing the Sample Program and Data: Create an OBS parallel file system and upload the Spark2x sample program and sample data files to the OBS parallel file system.
3. Creating a Job: Create and run a SparkSubmit job on the MRS management console.
4. Viewing the Execution Results: Obtain the log file from the OBS path and view the execution result.

Creating an MRS Cluster

1. Go to the Buy Cluster page.
2. Click the Custom Config tab.
   Configure cluster software information according to Table 1.

   Table 1 Software configurations

   Parameter	Description	Example Value
   Region	Region where the MRS resources belong. MRS clusters in different regions cannot communicate with each other over an intranet. For lower network latency and quick resource access, select the region nearest to you.	EU-Dublin NOTE: This document uses EU-Dublin as an example. If you want to perform operations in other regions, ensure that all operations are performed in the same region.
   Billing Mode	Billing mode of the cluster.	Pay-per-use
   Cluster Name	Name of the MRS cluster.	mrs_demo
   Cluster Type	Type of the MRS cluster.	Analysis cluster (for offline data analysis)
   Version Type	Version type of the MRS cluster.	Normal
   Cluster Version	MRS cluster version.	MRS 3.1.0 NOTE: This practice is available for MRS 3.1.0 only.
   Component	Components in the MRS cluster.	All components
   Metadata	Storage for cluster metadata.	Local

   Figure 2 Software configurations
   

3. Click Next to configure hardware.
   Configure cluster hardware information according to Table 2.

   Table 2 Hardware configurations

   Parameter	Description	Example Value
   AZ	Available AZ associated with the cluster region.	AZ2
   Enterprise Project	Enterprise project to which the cluster belongs.	default
   VPC	VPC where you want to create the cluster. You can click View VPC to view the name and ID. If no VPC is available, create one.	xxx
   Subnet	Subnet where your cluster belongs. You can access the VPC management console to view the names and IDs of existing subnets in the VPC. If no subnet is created under the VPC, click Create Subnet to create one.	xxx
   Security Group	A security group is a set of ECS access rules. It provides access policies for ECSs that have the same security protection requirements and are mutually trusted in a VPC.	Auto create
   EIP	An EIP allows you to access the Manager web UI of the cluster.	Bind an EIP.
   Cluster Node	Cluster node details.	Default settings

   Figure 3 Hardware configurations
   

4. Click Next. On the Set Advanced Options page, set the following parameters by referring to Table 3 and retain the default settings for other parameters.

   Table 3 Advanced configurations

   Parameter	Description	Example Value
   Kerberos Authentication	Whether to enable Kerberos authentication when logging in to Manager.	Disabled
   Username	Name of the administrator of MRS Manager. admin is used by default.	admin
   Password	Password of the MRS Manager administrator.	xxx
   Confirm Password	Enter the password of the Manager administrator again.	xxx
   Login Mode	Login method to ECS nodes in the cluster.	Select Password.
   Username	User for logging in to the ECS. The default value is root.	root
   Password	Password for logging in to ECSs.	xxx
   Confirm Password	Enter the password for logging in to ECSs again.	xxx

5. Click Next. On the Confirm Configuration page, check the cluster configuration information. If you need to adjust the configuration, click to go to the corresponding tab page and configure parameters again.
6. Select Secure Communications and click Buy Now.
7. Click Back to Cluster List to view the cluster status.

   Cluster creation takes some time. The initial status of the cluster is Starting. After the cluster has been created successfully, the cluster status becomes Running.

Preparing the Sample Program and Data

1. Create an OBS parallel file system to store the Spark sample program, sample data, job execution results, and logs.
   1. Log in to the HUAWEI CLOUD management console.
   2. In the Service List, choose Storage > Object Storage Service.
   3. In the navigation pane on the left, choose Parallel File System and click Create Parallel File System to create a file system named obs-demo-analysis-hwt4. Retain the default values for parameters such as Policy.

2. Click the name of the file system. In the navigation pane on the left, choose Files. On the displayed page, click Create Folder to create the program and input folders, as shown in Figure 4.
   Figure 4 Creating a folder
   

3. Download the sample program driver_behavior.jar from https://mrs-obs-ap-southeast-1.obs.ap-southeast-1.myhuaweicloud.com/mrs-demon-samples/demon/driver_behavior.jar to the local PC.
4. Go to the program folder. Click Upload File and select the local driver_behavior.jar sample program.
5. Click Upload to upload the sample program to the OBS parallel file system.
6. Obtain Spark sample data from https://mrs-obs-ap-southeast-1.obs.ap-southeast-1.myhuaweicloud.com/mrs-demon-samples/demon/detail-records.zip.
7. Decompress the downloaded detail-records.zip package to obtain the sample data files.
   Figure 5 Sample data
   

8. Go to the input folder. Click Upload File and select the local Spark sample data.
9. Click Upload to upload the sample data to the OBS parallel file system.

   Upload the decompressed data in 7 to the input folder.

   Figure 6 Uploading sample data
   

Creating a Job

1. Log in to the MRS console, click the mrs_demo cluster on the displayed Active Clusters page.
2. Click the Jobs tab and then Create to create a job.
3. Set job parameters.

   Table 4 Configuring job parameters

   Parameter	Description	Example Value
   Type	Type of the job you want to create.	Select SparkSubmit.
   Name	Task name.	Enter driver_behavior_task.
   Program Path	Path for storing the program package to be executed.	Click OBS and select the driver_behavior.jar package uploaded in Preparing the Sample Program and Data.
   Program Parameter	Optimization parameters for resource usage and job execution performance.	Select --class in Parameter, and enter com.huawei.bigdata.spark.examples.DriverBehavior in Value.
   Parameters	AK for accessing OBS SK for accessing OBS 1 Input path Output path. For details about how to obtain the AK/SK, see the steps described in NOTE. 1 is a fixed input that is used to specify the program function invoked during job execution. Input path is the path you selected for the Program Path parameter. Output path should be a directory that does not exist, for example, obs://obs-demo-analysis-hwt4/output/. NOTE: To obtain the AK/SK for accessing OBS, perform the following steps: Log in to the HUAWEI CLOUD management console. Click the username in the upper right corner and choose My Credentials. In the navigation pane on the left, choose Access Keys. Click Create Access Key to add a key. Enter the password and verification code as prompted. The browser automatically downloads the credentials.csv file. The file is in CSV format and separated by commas (,). In the file, the middle part is AK and the last part is SK.	AK information SK information 1 obs://obs-demo-analysis-hwt4/input/ obs://obs-demo-analysis-hwt4/output/
   Service Parameter	Service parameter modifications of the job to be executed.	This parameter is left blank by default. Retain the default settings.

   Figure 7 Creating a job
   

4. Click OK to start executing the program.

Viewing the Execution Results

1. Go to the Jobs page to view the job execution status.
   Figure 8 Execution status
   

2. Wait 1 to 2 minutes and log in to OBS console. Go to the output path of the obs-demo-analysis-hwt4 file system to view the execution result. Click Download in the Operation column of the generated CSV file to download the file to your local PC.
3. Open the downloaded CSV file using Excel and classify the data in each column according to the fields defined in the program. The job execution results are obtained.
   Figure 9 Execution result