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START TRANSACTION

Function

START TRANSACTION starts a transaction. If the isolation level, read/write mode, or deferrable mode is specified, a new transaction will have those characteristics. You can also specify them using SET TRANSACTION.

Precautions

None

Syntax

Format 1: START TRANSACTION

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START TRANSACTION
  [ 
    { 
       ISOLATION LEVEL { READ COMMITTED | READ UNCOMMITTED | SERIALIZABLE | REPEATABLE READ }
       | { READ WRITE | READ ONLY }
     } [, ...] 
  ];

Format 2: BEGIN

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BEGIN [ WORK | TRANSACTION ]
  [ 
    { 
       ISOLATION LEVEL { READ COMMITTED | READ UNCOMMITTED | SERIALIZABLE | REPEATABLE READ }
       | { READ WRITE | READ ONLY }
      } [, ...] 
  ];

Parameter Description

  • WORK | TRANSACTION

    Optional keyword in BEGIN format without functions.

  • ISOLATION LEVEL

    Specifies the transaction isolation level that determines the data that a transaction can view if other concurrent transactions exist.

    The isolation level of a transaction cannot be reset after the first clause (INSERT, DELETE, UPDATE, FETCH, COPY) for modifying data is executed in the transaction.

    Valid value:

    • READ COMMITTED: Only committed data is read. This is the default.
    • READ UNCOMMITTED: GaussDB(DWS) does not support READ UNCOMMITTED. If READ UNCOMMITTED is set, READ COMMITTED is executed instead.
    • REPEATABLE READ: Only the data committed before transaction start is read. Uncommitted data or data committed in other concurrent transactions cannot be read.
    • SERIALIZABLE: GaussDB(DWS) does not support SERIALIZABLE. If SERIALIZABLE is set, REPEATABLE READ is executed instead.
  • READ WRITE | READ ONLY

    Specifies the transaction access mode (read/write or read only).

Examples

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-- Start a transaction in default mode:
START TRANSACTION;
SELECT * FROM tpcds.reason;
END;

-- Start a transaction in default mode:
BEGIN;
SELECT * FROM tpcds.reason;
END;

-- Start a transaction with the isolation level being READ COMMITTED and the access mode being READ WRITE:
START TRANSACTION ISOLATION LEVEL READ COMMITTED READ WRITE;
SELECT * FROM tpcds.reason;
COMMIT;

Helpful Links

COMMIT | END, ROLLBACK, SET TRANSACTION

Parent topic: TCL Syntax